Vitamin B3
The NAD+ vitamin. B3 is the precursor to NAD+, a coenzyme essential for over 500 enzymatic reactions. It powers mitochondria, enables DNA repair, and activates sirtuins. Multiple forms exist—niacin, niacinamide, NR, NMN—each with different effects and uses.
Forms of B3
Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)
Causes flush. Lowers LDL, raises HDL. High doses for cholesterol.
Niacinamide (Nicotinamide)
No flush. Doesn't affect cholesterol. Anti-inflammatory. Joint support.
Nicotinamide Riboside (NR)
Direct NAD+ precursor. No flush. Longevity interest. Niagen brand.
NMN
Nicotinamide mononucleotide. One step closer to NAD+. Longevity research.
Inositol Hexanicotinate
"Flush-free" niacin. Slow release. Less effective for cholesterol.
Tryptophan
Amino acid converts to B3. Inefficient—60mg makes 1mg niacin.
Functions
Energy Production
NAD+ essential for glycolysis and Krebs cycle. ATP generation.
DNA Repair
PARP enzymes need NAD+ to fix DNA damage. Cancer prevention.
Sirtuin Activation
NAD+ activates longevity genes. Caloric restriction mimetic.
Cholesterol Metabolism
Niacin form lowers LDL and Lp(a). Raises HDL significantly.
Skin Health
Niacinamide topically. Reduces inflammation. Barrier support.
Brain Function
Neurons highly dependent on NAD+. Neuroprotective. Mental clarity.
Considerations
Niacin Flush
Prostaglandin release. Red, itchy skin. Usually subsides. Start low.
Methylation Drain
Excess niacinamide uses methyl groups. Can worsen MTHFR issues.
Liver at High Doses
Sustained-release niacin harder on liver. Monitor enzymes.