Detoxification
Your internal cleanup system. Detoxification isn't about cleanses or juice fasts—it's the continuous biochemical process your liver runs 24/7 to neutralize and eliminate toxins. Understanding Phase 1 and Phase 2 pathways reveals why some people handle toxins well and others struggle.
Phase 1: Activation (CYP450)
Cytochrome P450 enzymes modify toxins, making them more reactive for Phase 2 processing:
What It Does
Oxidizes, reduces, or hydrolyzes toxins. Adds reactive groups (-OH, -NH2, etc).
Creates Intermediates
Intermediates are often MORE toxic than original. Need Phase 2 to complete.
Generates Free Radicals
Process creates oxidative stress. Antioxidants needed to handle byproducts.
Needs B Vitamins
B2, B3, B6, folate, B12 all required. Also needs iron and copper.
Genetic Variation
CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP3A4 etc. vary by genetics. Explains drug sensitivity differences.
Inducers/Inhibitors
Grapefruit inhibits. Cruciferous vegetables induce. Caffeine, meds affect too.
Phase 2: Conjugation
Attaches molecules to Phase 1 products, making them water-soluble for excretion:
Glutathione Conjugation
Major pathway. Neutralizes many toxins. Glutathione is rate-limiting.
Methylation
SAM-e donates methyl groups. Estrogens, neurotransmitters, heavy metals.
Sulfation
Attaches sulfate groups. Hormones, drugs, neurotransmitters. Needs sulfate/sulfur.
Glucuronidation
Attaches glucuronic acid. Bilirubin, hormones, drugs. Calcium-D-glucarate supports.
Glycine Conjugation
Glycine attaches to toxins. Benzoic acid pathway. Often underappreciated.
Acetylation
Adds acetyl groups. Drugs (isoniazid), histamine. Fast/slow acetylator genetics.
The Phase 1/Phase 2 Balance Problem
Fast Phase 1, Slow Phase 2
Reactive intermediates accumulate. More toxic than original compounds. Common problem. Feels toxic, sensitive.
The Fix
Support Phase 2 pathways. Glutathione, glycine, sulfur amino acids, methyl donors. Slow Phase 1 temporarily if needed.
Elimination Pathways
Stool (Bile)
Fat-soluble toxins exit via bile. Need good bile flow and regular bowel movements.
Urine (Kidneys)
Water-soluble conjugates. Adequate hydration essential. Most Phase 2 products exit here.
Sweat
Some toxins exit via skin. Sauna, exercise support this pathway.
Breath
Volatile compounds exhaled. Acetone, alcohol metabolites exit here.