SAM-e
S-Adenosylmethionine - the methyl currency of your cells. Every time your body needs to add a methyl group (CH3) to something, SAM-e pays the bill. This includes making neurotransmitters, regulating genes, building cell membranes, and detoxifying chemicals.
What SAM-e Does
Neurotransmitter Synthesis
Methylates norepinephrine to epinephrine, and is needed for serotonin and dopamine metabolism.
DNA Methylation
Regulates gene expression by adding methyl groups to DNA. Critical for development and cancer prevention.
Phosphatidylcholine
Makes phosphatidylcholine for cell membranes and bile. Major SAM-e consumer in the liver.
Creatine Synthesis
About 40% of daily SAM-e goes to making creatine. Supplementing creatine spares SAM-e.
Myelin Production
Required for making myelin sheaths that insulate nerves. Deficiency affects nerve function.
Detoxification
Methylation is a Phase 2 liver detox pathway. Many toxins and hormones are methylated for excretion.
The Methylation Cycle
This cycle runs continuously, regenerating SAM-e from homocysteine using B12, folate, and betaine (TMG).
SAM-e as a Supplement
SAM-e supplements have been used clinically for decades, especially in Europe:
Depression
Meta-analyses show efficacy comparable to antidepressants for mild-moderate depression. Works faster than SSRIs.
Liver Support
Supports liver function, especially in liver disease. Helps with glutathione production in liver cells.
Joint Health
May reduce osteoarthritis pain and improve function. Comparable to NSAIDs in some studies.
Dosing Considerations
Typical Doses
- • Mood support: 400-1600mg daily
- • Liver support: 800-1600mg daily
- • Joint health: 600-1200mg daily
- • Start low (200mg) and increase gradually
Important Notes
- • Take on empty stomach, away from protein
- • Enteric-coated tablets preferred (unstable)
- • Works best with B12, folate, B6 support
- • Can cause insomnia if taken late in day
Important Cautions
Bipolar Disorder
Can trigger mania in bipolar individuals. Avoid or use with extreme caution under medical supervision.
Anxiety/Insomnia
Can be activating and cause anxiety or insomnia in some people, especially at higher doses.
Medication Interactions
Do not combine with SSRIs, MAOIs, or other antidepressants without medical supervision (serotonin syndrome risk).
Homocysteine
Can raise homocysteine if B12/folate are inadequate. Always support the full methylation cycle.