Epinephrine
The ultimate action hormone. Epinephrine (adrenaline) is released from adrenal glands in seconds during stress, priming your body for immediate action. Heart pounds, pupils dilate, airways open, blood rushes to muscles. Essential for survival, problematic when chronically elevated.
What Epinephrine Does
Heart Rate
Increases heart rate and contraction force. More blood pumped per minute.
Blood Pressure
Constricts some vessels (skin, gut), dilates others (muscles). Redirects blood flow.
Airways
Dilates bronchioles. Improves airflow. Why EpiPen works for anaphylaxis.
Blood Sugar
Triggers glycogenolysis. Releases glucose from liver. Immediate fuel availability.
Pupils
Dilates pupils. Improves light intake. Better visual acuity for threats.
Fat Breakdown
Activates lipolysis. Releases fatty acids for energy. Mobilizes fuel stores.
Synthesis Pathway
Problems with Chronic Elevation
Cardiovascular
High blood pressure, arrhythmias, increased heart disease risk from constant stimulation.
Anxiety
Racing heart, trembling, panic symptoms. Body stuck in fight-or-flight mode.
Burnout
Eventually adrenals fatigue. Can't mount appropriate stress response. Exhaustion.